While often viewed as a cheaper traffic channel, Tier 2 traffic – specifically popunders and push notifications – presents a unique opportunity for advertisers. Popunders appear behind a user’s main browser screen, and push notifications interrupt the browsing flow with promotions. Grasping the c

The digital advertising landscape is increasingly plagued by ad fraud, sapping advertiser revenue and jeopardizing consumer trust. This article explores the complexities of ad fraud through a comparative analysis of various tactics employed by fraudsters. We analyze common categories of ad fraud,